How Did the European Powers Try to Justify Their Actions

How did the European powers try to justify their actions in Africa?

A) European leaders held that they had already formally claimed most of the land in Africa before the 1880s.
B) European leaders strove to give Africans autonomy by prohibiting white Europeans from settling in Africa for extended periods.
C) The European powers emphasized the beneficial results of their rule over native peoples who, they argued, needed "civilization."
D) European leaders ensured that native rulers authorized all policies they pursued.
E) European leaders did not impose physical violence on Africans and simply interfered with their cultures.