Due to a variety of macroeconomic and microeconomic factors, two Eastern European nations suffered permanent adverse shifts in the demand for their manufactured goods. Per the IMF's Articles of Agreement, these nations suffered from

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A fundamental disequilibrium refers to a situation where a country's balance of payments is persistently out of balance due to structural changes, such as a permanent adverse shift in demand for its goods. This is recognized in the IMF's Articles of Agreement as a condition that may justify exchange rate adjustments.

Due to a Variety of Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Factors, Two