Which Scenario Is an Example of Private Action

Which scenario is an example of private action?

A) The government of Mexico levying excessive taxes.
B) The U.S. government requiring expensive licenses or state permits from private property holders.
C) A communist government taking assets into state ownership without compensating the owners.
D) Government bureaucrats demanding bribes from businesses in return for the rights to operate manufacturing facilities in a country.
E) Business owners in the cell phone industry stealing their competitors' trade secrets and intellectual properties.