One of the Difficult Ethical Issues to Contend with When

One of the difficult ethical issues to contend with when doing Internet research is the issue of obtaining informed consent and when informed consent should be obtained. One of the thorny issues is determining what information is public and what information is private. Which of the following is definitely within the public domain and does not need informed consent?

A) Information obtained from a television program aired over the Internet
B) Information obtained from newsgroups communicating over the Internet
C) Information obtained from chat rooms held over the Internet
D) Information obtained from listservs on the Internet