All of the following are true of a causal relationship except
A) It demonstrates covariation
B) It demonstrates spuriousness
C) The cause precedes the effect
D) Elimination of confounding factors

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A causal relationship requires covariation, the cause preceding the effect, and the elimination of confounding factors. Spuriousness, however, refers to a false relationship, which is not a characteristic of a true causal relationship.

All of the Following Are True of a Causal Relationship