Dr Guidry Conducts a Study Examining the Relationship Between the Number

Dr. Guidry conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction. She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in Nashville, Tennessee (the state capital) , located in the southern United States. Below are her findings.
•Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r =.57 (p = .01)
•Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09, not sig.
•Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36 (p = .04)
Dr) Guidry realizes that the women in her study have more friends than the men in her study. This might result in which of the following?

A) Outliers due to subgroups
B) Larger effect sizes
C) More measured variables
D) Spurious associations due to subgroups