When President Lincoln Instituted a Blockade of Southern Ports, Considered

When President Lincoln instituted a blockade of southern ports, considered an act of war, he deemed his use of power necessary under which of the following?

A) Under his constitutional power as commander-in-chief
B) Under emergency powers granted by the Constitution
C) Under his constitutional powers to tax and spend for the general welfare
D) By claiming inherent powers to preserve the Union
E) Under his constitutional powers with the authority of Congress