What is the doctrine of dual federalism?

Question

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The doctrine of dual federalism holds that the state government and federal government have separate functions and responsibilities that do not overlap. Under this doctrine, state governments have primary responsibility for areas such as education, public safety, and commerce within state borders, while the federal government is responsible for matters that affect the nation as a whole, such as national defense, international relations, and trade. This doctrine is often contrasted with cooperative federalism, which emphasizes shared responsibility and collaboration between different levels of government.

What Is the Doctrine of Dual Federalism