In Terms of Politics, Television Did All of the Following

In terms of politics, television did all of the following EXCEPT

A) threaten the traditional role of political parties.
B) apply the standards of show business and commercialism to political messages.
C) enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.
D) allow politicians to address voters directly.
E) encourage reliance on short slogans and sound bites.