The Following Elements Helped Cause the Panic of 1819 and Exacerbate

The following elements helped cause the Panic of 1819 and exacerbate its adverse economic effects EXCEPT

A) the overextension of credit by western banks to dubious business and unwise ventures.
B) the overspeculation in frontier lands by the Bank of the United States through its western branches.
C) the absence of a sound, central national monetary policy by the federal government.
D) the coercive loan call-in and foreclosure demands imposed by the Bank of the United States.
E) a devastating agricultural drought throughout the nation in 1818-1819.