US Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall's Rulings Almost Single-Handedly

U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall's rulings almost single-handedly shaped constitutional interpretation

A) toward strict adherence to the literal text of the Constitution.
B) upholding individual civil liberties.
C) tipping the balance of power between Congress and the president toward the president.
D) toward favoring nationalistic centralism and curbing the powers of popularly elected state legislatures in national political and economic affairs.
E) in the direction of states' rights over the federal government.