A Rival of a Branded Food Product Manufacturer Was Known

A rival of a branded food product manufacturer was known to have asked a supplier of the food product manufacturer for certain ingredients, using secret codes known only to the manufacturer and the supplier. The rival discovered an email password and was able to access the manufacturer's codes on the supplier's network. This is an example of

A) corporate intelligence.
B) economic espionage.
C) clandestine trade secrets.
D) industrial sleuthing.
E) competitive surveillance.