Corporate Vertical Marketing Systems Are

Corporate vertical marketing systems are

A) small, independent retailers that form an organization that operates a wholesale facility cooperatively.
B) professionally managed geographically dispersed marketing channels that are controlled through strategic channel alliances.
C) the combination of successive stages of production and distribution under a single ownership.
D) professionally managed and centrally coordinated marketing channels designed to achieve channel economies and maximum marketing impact.
E) a contractual arrangement between a parent company and an individual or firm that allows the individual or firm to operate a certain type of business under an established name and according to specific rules.