A Contractual Vertical Marketing System Is an Arrangement Whereby

A contractual vertical marketing system is an arrangement whereby

A) privately owned distributors and retailers integrate their efforts, on a contractual basis, to obtain greater functional economies and marketing impact than they could achieve alone.
B) independent production and distribution firms integrate their efforts, on a contractual basis, to obtain greater functional economies and marketing impact than they could achieve alone.
C) a manufacturer offers a limited number of franchise licenses to restrict the number of franchisees within a given geographical region.
D) a firm reaches different buyers by employing two or more different types of channels for the same basic product.
E) a firm formally designates by contract one channel member-whether producer, wholesaler, or retailer-to coordinate, direct, and support all other channel members.