Most Successful Large Organizations Circumvent the Collective Action Problem by Offering

Most successful large organizations circumvent the collective action problem by offering "selective incentives," which are ______.

A) benefits available to everyone regardless of membership in the group
B) in essence, the threat of some consequence to the group whenever an individual defects
C) benefits that can be denied to individuals who do not join and contribute
D) the foundation of the rationale behind free riding