Marshall's Explanation of the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution

Marshall's explanation of the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution can be summed up as allowing congressional action ______.

A) only when the President certifies that the action is necessary and proper for the administration of justice
B) only if the action is explicitly provided for in the Constitution
C) as long as the executive agreed with the action and it was not specifically prohibited by the Constitution
D) as long as the means are plainly adapted to achieve an enumerated power and not specifically prohibited by the Constitution