The Supreme Court decision that established the foundation for the civil rights struggles of the 1950s through the 1970s was:

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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas was a landmark Supreme Court decision in 1954 that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. This decision played a significant role in the civil rights struggles of the following decades, challenging segregation in all areas of American society and laying the foundation for further legal and social progress in the fight for equality. Darwin v. Board of Education of the State of Kansas (not a real case) and Roe v. Wade (which dealt with reproductive rights, not civil rights) are not relevant to the civil rights struggles of the 1950s-1970s. Clay v. Liston was a boxing match, and while King v. City of Montgomery, Alabama is associated with the civil rights movement (through the Montgomery bus boycott), it did not have the sweeping legal impact of Brown v. Board of Education.

The Supreme Court Decision That Established the Foundation for the Civil