The fundamental fairness doctrine of due process requires states to provide:
I. notice to defendants of the charges against them.
II. an attorney at state expense if they cannot afford one.
III. a grand jury proceeding.
IV. a hearing on the facts before conviction and punishment.

Question

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The fundamental fairness doctrine requires that defendants receive notice of the charges (I) and a hearing on the facts before conviction and punishment (IV). It does not require a grand jury proceeding (III) or an attorney at state expense (II), although the latter is required under the separate Gideon v. Wainwright ruling.

The Fundamental Fairness Doctrine of Due Process Requires States to Provide