In regard to cities,both David Harvey and Manuel Castells stressed:

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Both David Harvey and Manuel Castells emphasize that cities are not just natural or organic entities, but are constructed through political, economic, and social processes. They argue that urbanization is shaped by power relations, class struggles, and global forces, and that cities therefore embody a dialectic of development and deprivation, inclusion and exclusion, order and disorder. For them, the key challenge for urban theory and practice is to promote social justice and democratic participation in the formation and transformation of urban spaces.

In Regard to Cities,both David Harvey and Manuel Castells Stressed