When First Graders Were Compared with Children of About the Same

When first graders were compared with children of about the same age who were still in kindergarten, they found that the first graders:

A) did not differ from the kindergartners on a recall task because the children were the same age.
B) did not differ from the kindergartners in their overall performance on a recall task but did show evidence of applying strategic knowledge.
C) applied strategic knowledge and so performed better on a recall task.
D) performed better on a recall task but did not perform better than the kindergartners on standardized mathematics tests.