Question 1

Which of the following is NOT known to modify the body's use of protein?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin supplements above the RDA are not known to modify the body's use of protein, whereas diet, training, and exercise intensity/duration can influence protein metabolism.

Question 2

Which of the following is a role for diet in physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Diets lacking in carbohydrates lead to increased amino acid utilization for fuel because when carbohydrates are insufficient, the body turns to protein (amino acids) as an alternative energy source, which can affect muscle maintenance and performance.

Question 3

Which of the following is a feature of sports anemia?

Accepted Answer

Sports anemia is not a true iron-deficiency anemia; it is a temporary condition often seen in athletes due to increased plasma volume, which dilutes red blood cells, rather than a lack of iron.

Question 4

What nutrient becomes depleted most rapidly during physical exercise?

Accepted Answer

Water is depleted most rapidly during physical exercise due to sweating and increased respiration, leading to dehydration if not replenished.

Question 5

Which of the following is an effect of exercise on protein metabolism?

Accepted Answer

During exercise, protein synthesis is generally inhibited as the body prioritizes energy production and muscle contraction.

Question 6

According to several recognized health organizations,about how many grams of protein per day are recommended for a male,70-kg strength athlete?

Accepted Answer

Strength athletes are generally recommended to consume about 1.6 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. For a 70-kg male, this equates to approximately 112 grams of protein per day.

Question 7

What nutrient is important in the transport of oxygen in blood and in muscle tissue and in energy transformation reactions?

Accepted Answer

Iron is crucial for oxygen transport in blood and muscle tissue as it is a key component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, and it plays a role in energy metabolism.

Question 8

Which of the following describes the role of protein in the diet of competitive athletes?

Accepted Answer

Athletes, especially those involved in strength and endurance sports like weightlifting and marathon running, often require higher protein intake to support muscle repair and growth, which can be up to 50-100% higher than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of sports anemia?

Accepted Answer

Sports anemia is a temporary condition that requires no treatment. It is caused by the increased destruction of red blood cells due to the mechanical stress of exercise.

Question 10

Mary is 15 years old and has just joined her high school swim team.After the first three months of training and competing,her coach sends the team for mandatory physical examinations and routine blood tests.When Mary got home,she told her mom that she has sports anemia.Why shouldn't Mary begin taking iron supplements as a way to treat this condition?

Accepted Answer

Sports anemia is a temporary condition often seen in athletes due to increased plasma volume, not a true iron deficiency, so extra iron intake is not necessary.

Question 11

For female endurance athletes,about how much more protein above the RDA is recommended by recognized health organizations?

Accepted Answer

Recognized health organizations recommend that female endurance athletes consume about 50-75% more protein than the RDA to support muscle repair and recovery.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of protein use in physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Protein contributes up to 10% of total fuel used during physical activity, which is similar to its contribution in the resting state.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a feature of vitamin E in people who engage in regular high-intensity physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E supplements do not provide immediate performance benefits when taken right before an event; their effects, if any, are more related to long-term antioxidant support rather than acute performance enhancement.

Question 14

Which of the following represents current knowledge of the role of vitamin and mineral supplements in physical performance?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin and mineral supplements may be beneficial for athletes who have difficulty meeting their energy and nutrient requirements through diet alone, especially if they have specific deficiencies.

Question 15

In the immediate postexercise period,what type of diet enhances muscle protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Combining carbohydrates with protein in the postexercise period enhances muscle protein synthesis by providing the necessary amino acids and energy for muscle repair and growth.

Question 16

Your friend Bob,who engages in endurance exercise throughout the week,is concerned that his protein intake is inadequate and asks what type of protein supplement he should take.You assure him that

Accepted Answer

Endurance athletes often consume enough protein through their regular diet, and the typical diet usually provides more than the RDA, even for those engaging in endurance activities.

Question 17

Physical performance is noticeably affected when body water loss first reaches

Accepted Answer

Physical performance is noticeably affected when body water loss reaches approximately 2%. This level of dehydration can impair physical and cognitive performance.

Question 18

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin E supplementation and physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Some studies have shown that vitamin E in high doses may protect against exercise-induced oxidative stress, but results are inconsistent, with some studies showing no benefit.

Question 19

Which of the following is a feature of iron nutrition in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Iron losses in athletes can occur due to the accelerated destruction of older, fragile blood cells, especially during intense physical activity.

Question 20

According to several recognized health organizations,about how many grams of protein per day are recommended for a female,50-kg marathon runner?

Accepted Answer

Endurance athletes, like marathon runners, typically require 1.2 to 1.4 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. For a 50-kg female runner, this equates to 60-70 grams of protein per day.

Quiz 14: Fitness: Physical Activity, nutrients, and Body Adaptations