Sometimes, pretest and posttest measures are records taken by observers who improve their skills with practice. In this case, pretest-posttest changes could be due to program effectiveness or to the threat to internal validity called
A)instrumentation
B)testing
C)attrition
D)maturation

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Instrumentation refers to changes in the measurement tools or observers' skills over time, which can affect the results of pretest and posttest measures.

Sometimes, Pretest and Posttest Measures Are Records Taken by Observers