The Business Club of Edmonton (BCE) Is a Voluntary Organization

The Business Club of Edmonton (BCE) is a voluntary organization of businesses in Alberta's capital city. Until recently, Gino's Pizza was one of its members. Gino left the BCE, however, after the BCE advised its other members to not do business with Gino's until Gino issued a formal apology for employing a convicted murderer who had been released on parole. Although the BCE's organizing rules (or "constitution") entitled the organization to impose various sanctions on its members for various reasons, its actions in this case did not fall within the terms of that constitution. Gino's pizza suffered economic loss as a result of the BCE's decision. Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to Gino's action against the BCE for unlawful interference with economic relations?

A) Gino must prove that BCE conspired with another party.
B) BCE cannot be held liable for a purely economic loss.
C) BCE may be held liable even if it did not commit a crime.
D) BCE cannot be held liable unless its actions constituted a crime.
E) Gino must prove that BCE acted for a malicious purpose .