During the 1910s southern historian Ulrich B.Phillips portrayed slavery as a benign, paternalistic institution.

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Ulrich B. Phillips argued in his book "American Negro Slavery" (1918) that slavery was a positive institution for both master and slave, and that it was essentially a paternalistic arrangement. He downplayed the violence, exploitation, and cruelty of slavery and emphasized the alleged benefits that enslaved people received from their masters, such as protection, Christianization, and civilization. Phillips' interpretation of slavery was widely influential but has been criticized for its narrow focus on elite planters, its neglect of resistance and agency among slaves, and its lack of attention to the wider social, economic, and political contexts of slavery.

During the 1910s Southern Historian Ulrich B