American Cities in the Northern United States, Such as Chicago

American cities in the northern United States, such as Chicago, Philadelphia, and Detroit, ______________.

A) have increased their rate of growth dramatically in the past 20 years
B) have maintained a steady state population since the 1970s
C) grew very rapidly in the 19th and early 20th centuries
D) have always grown rapidly and continue to do so
E) have steadily lost population over the past 100 years