Read the Following Scenario and Answer the Question Below

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
A military base a few miles from a medium- sized city is being decommissioned. The base is a large one, situated along a coastline, and includes some small hills, pristine woodlands and wetlands, streams, a river, and a small lake. There is a railroad spur that connects the base with the nearby city, as well as a four- lane highway. The base contains housing, schools, a hospital, shops, and recreational areas for a population of 10,000. The city's options for using, selling, or leasing the land are numerous, and many groups come forward with proposals. You work for the city as an environmental resource manager, with the role of preserving local ecosystem services for future generations.
-One major contributor to sprawl is ______________.

A) zoning
B) developer's fees
C) the steadily increasing prices for gasoline
D) the steady state of human populations
E) the trend toward increasing the per capita land consumption