Frank Singh Is Employed as a Part-Time Instructor at a College

Frank Singh is employed as a part-time instructor at a college. He is very anti-union. There is a union for college instructors. On receiving his first pay cheque, Frank is outraged to learn that union dues have been deducted: he did not join the union. The college is subject to the Rand formula. Which of the following is TRUE?

A) Frank must now join the union or be fired.
B) Frank need not join the union but he must pay dues
C) Frank can opt out of paying union dues
D) The college made a mistake. Frank should not have been hired because he was not a union member.
E) The Rand formula does not apply to Frank because he is only a part-time instructor.