Which of the following variables is NOT involved in determining ventricular preload?
A) atrial pressure
B) central venous pressure
C) afterload
D) venous return
E) filling time

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Afterload refers to the resistance the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood, which is distinct from preload. Preload is determined by factors that influence the volume of blood returning to the heart (venous return, atrial pressure, central venous pressure, and filling time), not the resistance against which the heart pumps blood (afterload).

Which of the Following Variables Is NOT Involved in Determining