Diener et al.(1976)observed that trick-or-treaters who were asked for their names took less candy than those allowed to remain anonymous.This type of study is best characterized as

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This study involved manipulating the independent variable (being asked for a name vs remaining anonymous) and measuring the dependent variable (amount of candy taken). It was conducted in a natural setting (trick-or-treating), but the researchers manipulated a variable to observe its effect on behavior. Therefore, this study is considered a field experiment.

Diener Et Al