You are interested in the effects of visual feedback on how people respond when they meet a stranger. Half of your participants see a videotape of their own facial reactions when they meet a stranger; the other half does not see a videotape. You then ask all participants how positively they felt about their encounter with the stranger. The independent variable in your investigation is:

Question

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The independent variable is the condition that the researcher manipulates to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this case, it's the presence or absence of visual feedback (seeing a videotape of their own facial reactions).

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