In their 1994 book The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life, Herrnstein and Murray proved that the lower intelligence test scores of African Americans as compared to White Americans, were, in large part, caused by genetics.

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Herrnstein and Murray's book "The Bell Curve" sparked controversy by discussing differences in intelligence scores among races, but it did not scientifically prove that the lower scores of African Americans were caused by genetics. The book's interpretations and conclusions have been widely criticized and debated within the scientific community.

In Their 1994 Book the Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class