William Graham Sumner identified two distinct types of groups, depending on membership and affinity (feeling more or less positively toward the group). These two types of groups are

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Sumner's distinction between in-groups and out-groups revolves around the idea of belonging and exclusion. In-groups are those to which an individual feels a sense of loyalty and belonging, while out-groups are those to which the individual does not belong and may even feel antagonism towards. This concept is foundational in understanding social dynamics and group identification.

William Graham Sumner Identified Two Distinct Types of Groups, Depending