According to Carl Cohen, "No matter who the beneficiaries may be or who the victims, preference on the basis of race is morally wrong. It was wrong in the distant past and in the recent past; it is wrong now; and it will always be wrong." Cohen's position rejects strong affirmative action policies on nonconsequentialist grounds.

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Carl Cohen's statement emphasizes a principled, nonconsequentialist stance against racial preferences, arguing that such preferences are inherently morally wrong, regardless of the intended beneficiaries or outcomes, which aligns with a rejection of strong affirmative action policies based on moral or ethical grounds rather than on the consequences of such policies.

According to Carl Cohen, "No Matter Who the Beneficiaries May