In Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No.5,the part where the harpsichord plays improvisatory solo material unaccompanied is called a(n):

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The section in question in Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No.5 is a cadenza, which is a solo section where the performer improvises or plays written-out ornamental and virtuosic passages. The cadenza is often unaccompanied and typically occurs towards the end of a movement, showcasing the performer's technical abilities.