Which One of the Following Researchers Is Drawing an Inference

Which one of the following researchers is drawing an inference about cognitive processes from her observations of behavior?

A) Dr.Aragon finds that students who listen to an organized lecture remember more information than students who listen to an unorganized lecture; she concludes that organized material promotes better learning.
B) Dr.Burger finds that students who learn information word for word don't remember it for very long; she concludes that requiring students to learn information verbatim isn't an effective teaching strategy.
C) Dr.Cooper discovers that students remember more when new concepts are illustrated by pictures as well as being verbally described; she concludes that visual imagery helps learning and memory.
D) Dr.Delgado finds that students who listen to foreign language tapes while sleeping don't remember what they've heard; she concludes that being awake is necessary for learning to occur.