If research participants given an inert substance that is presumed to have medicinal benefits experience pain relief,this illustrates

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This scenario illustrates the placebo effect, which is the phenomenon whereby a person experiences a perceived improvement in their symptoms or condition simply through the administration of an inert substance or treatment. This improvement is typically attributed to the person's belief that the substance or treatment is effective, rather than any inherent therapeutic properties. Random assignment refers to a research design technique used to ensure that participants are assigned to experimental and control groups in an unbiased and unpredictable way, whereas hindsight bias refers to a cognitive bias whereby people overestimate their ability to have predicted an event after it has occurred. An illusory correlation occurs when people perceive a relationship between two variables that does not actually exist.

If Research Participants Given an Inert Substance That Is Presumed