To decide whether observed differences between samples reflect actual differences between populations,it is necessary to determine the ________ of the observed differences.

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To determine whether observed differences between samples reflect actual differences between populations, we need to determine if the differences are statistically significant. This means that the observed differences are unlikely to have occurred by chance alone, and instead reflect true differences between the populations. Statistical significance is typically determined through hypothesis testing and the calculation of p-values. The mean, median, and standard deviation are measures of central tendency and variability within a sample, but they do not necessarily indicate whether differences between samples are statistically significant.

To Decide Whether Observed Differences Between Samples Reflect Actual Differences