To perform a precipitation reaction, both the antigen and antibody must be

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In a precipitation reaction, the antigen and antibody must be soluble. The reaction occurs when soluble antigens (or antibodies) precipitate out of solution when they bind with antibodies (or antigens). Insoluble antigens or antibodies would not be able to form a solution and therefore could not undergo a precipitation reaction. Bivalent (having two binding sites) antigens or antibodies may enhance the reaction, but they are not a requirement. "In vivo" means occurring within a living organism and is not relevant to precipitation reactions.

To Perform a Precipitation Reaction, Both the Antigen and Antibody