Over the span of the last 5 million years, climate reconstructions show a series of cooler and warmer periods.

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Climate reconstructions based on various proxy data such as ice cores, sediment records, and tree rings indicate that the Earth has undergone cycles of glaciation and interglacials over the past few million years. These fluctuations are related to variations in factors such as solar radiation, orbital parameters, greenhouse gas concentrations, and ocean currents. The last ice age occurred about 20,000 years ago, and since then, the planet has been in a relatively warm interglacial period, known as the Holocene. However, recent human activities have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to unprecedented warming and changes in climate patterns.

Over the Span of the Last 5 Million Years, Climate