The phase change from liquid water to water vapor involves more energy than the phase change from ice to water.

Question

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The phase change from liquid water to water vapor (i.e. evaporation) requires more energy than the phase change from ice to water (i.e. melting) because it involves breaking stronger intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonds) in liquid water molecules in order for them to escape into the gas phase. In contrast, melting only requires overcoming weaker intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces) between solid ice molecules to turn them into liquid water.

The Phase Change from Liquid Water to Water Vapor Involves