Which of the Following Is NOT Responsible for the Urban

Which of the following is NOT responsible for the urban heating effect?

A) Increased air pollution that absorbs and reradiates heat to surface.
B) Heat generated by homes,vehicles,and factories.
C) The concentration of people,machines and heat generating devices adds more heat to the environment.
D) Increased albedo of urban environments relative to that of natural landscapes.
E) Increase in human-made materials that conduct more energy than natural surfaces.