How did King Chulalongkorn of Siam manage to keep his nation's independence?

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King Chulalongkorn of Siam managed to keep his nation's independence by playing Britain and France off of each other. He negotiated a series of treaties with both nations, including the Bowring Treaty with Britain in 1855 and the Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1867, which helped to maintain a balance of power and prevent either nation from gaining too much influence over Siam.

How Did King Chulalongkorn of Siam Manage to Keep His