Keller has individuals run on a treadmill for 0, 15, or 30 minutes and then measures their self-reported mood. In this hypothetical study, the independent variable is:

Question

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The independent variable is the factor that is being manipulated in the study, which in this case is the number of minutes individuals run on the treadmill. The self-reported mood is the dependent variable, as it is being measured as a result of the different levels of the independent variable. The individuals who run for 0, 15, or 30 minutes are not the independent variable, as they are simply different groups being exposed to different levels of the independent variable.

Keller Has Individuals Run on a Treadmill for 0, 15