Carrico, Gifford, and Moos (2007) studied the relation between a substance abuser's spirituality/religiosity and her participation in a 12-step program.Participants in the study rated their agreement, on a scale from 1 to 5, with statements such as, "In my life I experience the presence of the divine." In this study, spirituality/religiosity is the _____ and participants' ratings of agreement to the specific statements are the _____.
A) dependent variable; independent variables
B) independent variable; dependent variables
C) manifest variable; latent variables
D) latent variable; manifest variables

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Spirituality/religiosity is the latent variable because it is not directly observable and is inferred from the participants' ratings, which are the manifest variables as they are observable and directly measured.

Carrico, Gifford, and Moos (2007) Studied the Relation Between a Substance