Analysis of variance is a statistical tool that can be applied to within-groups designs.

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Analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be applied to both within-groups designs and between-groups designs. Within-groups designs are those where participants experience all levels of the independent variable, while between-groups designs are those where participants are divided into separate groups that each experience only one level of the independent variable. ANOVA can be used to compare means across multiple groups and determine if there are significant differences.

Analysis of Variance Is a Statistical Tool That Can Be