Within-Groups Degrees of Freedom Is Calculated By

Within-groups degrees of freedom is calculated by:

A) subtracting 1 from the total number of groups in the study.
B) multiplying the number of subjects by the number of conditions in the study and then subtracting 1.
C) subtracting 1 from the total number of subjects in the study.
D) for each condition, subtracting 1 from the number of subjects in that group and then adding together the totals for all the groups.