With Respect to High-Stakes Testing, Both the American Psychological Association

With respect to high-stakes testing, both the American Psychological Association (APA) and the American Education Research Association (AERA) contend that:

A) tests should not be used as a single measure of student performance, or basis for high-stakes decisions.
B) overall, the provisions of No Child Left Behind have improved the reading and math performance of U.S.students.
C) reauthorization of No Child Left Behind is sorely needed.
D) none of the above - APA and AERA hold opposing viewpoints with respect to high-stakes testing