Purchasing the Target Firm's Stock in the Open Market Is

Purchasing the target firm's stock in the open market is a commonly used tactic to achieve all of the following except for

A) Acquiring a controlling interest in the target firm without making such actions public knowledge.
B) Lowering the average cost of acquiring the target firm's shares
C) Recovering the cost of an unsuccessful takeover attempt
D) Obtaining additional voting rights in the target firm
E) Strengthening the effectiveness of proxy contests