When testing for differences between the means of two related populations, we can use either a one-tailed or two-tailed test.

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This statement is true. We can choose to use a one-tailed test if we have a specific directional hypothesis (e.g. we predict that Group A will have higher scores than Group B), or a two-tailed test if we have a non-directional hypothesis (e.g. there will be a difference in scores between Group A and Group B).

When Testing for Differences Between the Means of Two Related