Nisbett Has Argued That Participants Do Understand the Basic Principles

Nisbett has argued that participants do understand the basic principles of statistics but often fail to use their knowledge. Which of the following situations does NOT contain one of the triggers that leads to the use of statistical knowledge?

A) The role of chance or accident is prominent in the problem under scrutiny.
B) The participant is scrutinizing a problem that is of great personal importance, so he or she is highly motivated to reason carefully and well.
C) The problem under scrutiny makes clear that the available evidence is a sample of data drawn from a larger set of potential observations.
D) The problem being considered involves a situation for which the participant has background beliefs emphasizing the role of luck or chance.